PHE

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1 Introduction

Local authority: Coventry

Time period: 2019 to 2020 (1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020)


This product supports national and local understanding of:

  • the prevalence of parents who use alcohol and drugs problematically and level of unmet treatment support needs
  • the socio-demographic and clinical profile of parents in treatment
  • treatment outcomes for parents
  • other relevant vulnerability indicators, such as the number of young people (under 18 years old) in treatment that are parents, children in need statistics and estimates of coexisting parental substance misuse, mental ill health and domestic abuse

It is part of a wider suite of products available from Parents with alcohol and drug problems support resources (gov.uk).


1.1 Inclusion and exclusion criteria

This report focuses on new presentations to treatment in 2019 to 2020 (1 April 2019 to 31 March 2020) aged between 18 and 99.

Coventry had a total of 946 new presentations to treatment during this timeframe. Of those, 206 (22%) were parents or adults living with children, and 370 (39%) were parents not living with children. Of new presentations to treatment in Coventry, 370 (39%) were not a parent and had no contact with children - referred to as “not a parent” throughout the report.

To prevent potential patient identification, all local figures for Coventry in this report have been rounded to the nearest 5. Proportions have been calculated from the rounded figures. This is true of all local data except for the overall numbers in treatment.

Table 1.1 This table shows the proportions of all clients in each of the family categories, for Coventry and England.

All in treatment
New presentations
Family category Coventry England Coventry England Parental status
Parent living with children 16% 18% 17% 16% Parent or adult living with children
Other child contact - living with children 5% 6% 5% 5% Parent or adult living with children
Parent not living with children 37% 30% 39% 31% Parent not living with children
Not a parent and not in contact with children 42% 46% 39% 48% Not a parent
Incomplete data 0% 0% 0% 0% Excluded


This report includes benchmark comparisons to local data. These are the areas identified as the nearest neighbours for Coventry using the Chartered Institute of Public Finance & Accountancy (CIPFA) 2018 Model: Salford, Rochdale, Tameside, Oldham, Bolton, Kirklees, Sheffield, Bradford, Leicester, Derby, Luton, Peterborough, Medway, Bristol, Plymouth. Please see the appendix for a table of these benchmark areas including upper tier local authority codes.



2 Prevalence and unmet need

2.1 Parental alcohol dependency prevalence

Estimated number of adults

Here we present the estimated number of adults with alcohol dependence living with children in 2018 to 2019 in England and Coventry. Rates per 1,000 are based on ONS mid-2019 population estimates of adults aged 18 and over. Alongside local rates per 1,000 and unmet need we present rates for benchmark areas. Please see the appendix for a list of benchmark areas for Coventry.

Data from the National Drug Treatment Monitoring System (NDTMS) is used alongside the estimates of national and local prevalence for alcohol dependence to provide estimates of the extent to which treatment need is unmet. Dependent opiate users who are also assessed as dependent on alcohol are not included in the alcohol treatment calculations to avoid double counting with the rates of unmet need for opiate use treatment. This cohort is also very unlikely to be picked up in the datasets used to calculate the alcohol dependency estimates.

Table 2.1.1 Estimated number of adults with alcohol dependence living with children in England, rates per 1,000 of the population and unmet treatment need.

Sex Estimated number of alcohol dependent adults living with children (2018 to 2019) Rate per 1,000 of the population Number in treatment (2019 to 2020) Unmet treatment need
Total 120,552 3 25,435 79%
Male 80,458 4 13,058 84%
Female 40,094 2 12,377 69%


Table 2.1.2 Estimated number of adults with alcohol dependence living with children in Coventry, rates per 1,000 of the population and unmet treatment need.

Rate per 1,000 of the population
Unmet treatment need
Sex Estimated number of alcohol dependent adults living with children (2018 to 2019) Local Benchmark Number in treatment (2019 to 2020) Local Benchmark
Total 1,107 4 3 177 84% 79%
Male 771 5 4 97 87% 84%
Female 336 2 2 80 76% 70%


Figure 2.1.1. Estimated number of adults with alcohol dependence living with children (2018 to 2019). Rate per 1,000 of the population (aged 18 and over).



Estimated number of children

Here we present the estimated number of children living with adults with alcohol dependence in 2018 to 2019 in England and Coventry. Please note that these figures are adjusted for double counting (that is, where a child lives with both a male and female with an alcohol dependence). For more information, please see the Technical Definitions available to download from here.

Rates per 1,000 are based on ONS mid-2019 population estimates (aged 0 to 17). Alongside national and local rates per 1,000 we present rates for benchmark areas. Please see the appendix for a list of benchmark areas for Coventry.

Table 2.1.3 This table shows estimated number of children living with at least one adult with alcohol dependence in 2018 to 2019 in England and Coventry, and rates per 1,000 of the population.

Estimated number of children
Rate per 1,000
England Coventry England Coventry Benchmark
188,858 - 207,560 1,804 - 1,946 16 - 17 23 - 24 18 - 19



2.2 Parental opiate dependency prevalence

Please note that these prevalence estimates are from 2014 to 2015, and that no estimates of number of children affected are included. This document will be updated when new estimates become available.

Estimated number of adults

Here we present the estimated number of adults with opiate dependence living with children in 2014 to 2015. Rates per 1,000 are based on ONS mid-2019 population estimates (aged 18 to 64). Alongside local rates per 1,000 and unmet need we present rates for benchmark areas. Please see the appendix for a list of benchmark areas for Coventry.

Data from the NDTMS is used alongside the estimates of national and local prevalence for opiate dependence to provide estimates of the extent to which treatment need is unmet.

Table 2.2.1 Estimated number of adults with opiate dependence living with children in England, rates per 1,000 of the population and unmet treatment need.

Sex Estimated number of opiate dependent adults living with children (2014 to 2015) Rate per 1,000 of the population Number in treatment (2019 to 2020) Unmet treatment need
Total 74,713 2 31,469 58%
Male 50,828 3 18,901 63%
Female 23,884 1 12,568 47%


Table 2.2.2 Estimated number of adults with opiate dependence living with children in Coventry, rates per 1,000 of the population and unmet treatment need.

Rate per 1,000 of the population
Unmet treatment need
Sex Estimated number of opiate dependent adults living with children (2014 to 2015) Local Benchmark Number in treatment (2019 to 2020) Local Benchmark
Total 565 2 3 133 76% 52%
Male 416 3 4 82 80% 55%
Female 149 1 2 51 66% 47%


Figure 2.2.1 Estimated number of adults with opiate dependence living with children (2014 to 2015). Rate per 1,000 of the population (aged 18 to 64).



3 Treatment data for England

This section presents profile and outcomes data for parents with problem alcohol and drug use in England. The data comes from the NTDMS.

Except for numbers in treatment, the numbers presented here are for new presentations to treatment in 2019 to 2020 only. This includes clients who started treatment between 1 April 2019 and 31 March 2020. All data is available to download in the appendix.

3.1 Client profile

3.1.1 Socio-demographics

Numbers in treatment

Table 3.1.1.1 Number of clients in treatment in England in 2019 to 2020.

All in treatment
New presentations
Parental status N % N % % of all in treatment
Parent or adult living with children 63,667 24% 27,873 21% 44%
Parent not living with children 80,593 30% 40,396 31% 50%
Not a parent 125,613 47% 63,561 48% 51%
All clients 269,873 100% 131,830 100% 49%

Figure 3.1.1.1 New presentations to treatment in England in 2019 to 2020.


Age

Figure 3.1.1.2 Age breakdown for new presentations to treatment by parental group in England.


Sex

Figure 3.1.1.3 Proportion of new presentations to treatment in England by parental group and sex.


Ethnicity

Figure 3.1.1.4 Proportion of each ethnic group for new presentations to treatment in England.


Housing

Figure 3.1.1.5 Housing situation for new presentations to treatment in England.


Employment

Figure 3.1.1.6 Employment, education and training breakdown for new presentations to treatment in England.


Pregnant

Figure 3.1.1.7 Proportion of women who are new presentations to treatment, under the age of 50, that are pregnant in England.


Children

Parents/ adults new to treatment and living with children had an average of 1.8 children living with them.

Figure 3.1.1.8 For parents/ adults living with children, the distribution of the number of children in the household.


3.1.2 Clinical

Substance use

Figure 3.1.2.1 Breakdown of substance groups for new presentations to treatment in England.


Mental health

Figure 3.1.2.2 Proportion of clients new to treatment in England with and without a mental health treatment need.


Figure 3.1.2.3 Proportion of clients with a mental health treatment need that did not receive mental health treatment.


Injecting

Figure 3.1.2.4 Proportion of new presentations to treatment in England who were current or previous injectors at the start of treatment.

Most clients had never injected (88% of parents/ adults living with children, 71% of parents not living with children, and 76% of clients without children).


Alcohol dependence

Figure 3.1.2.5 Alcohol use for new presentations to treatment in England, measured using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ).

Data was not available or inconsistent for 38% (10,698) of parents/ adults living with children, 36% (14,734) of parents not living with children, and 37% (23,555) of those who were not parents.

The number of clients declining to answer the question amounted to 0% for all groups (95 parents/ adults living with children, 194 parents not living with children, and 248 those who were not parents).


3.1.3 Treatment and children’s services exposure

Referral sources

Figure 3.1.3.1 Sources of referrals into treatment for new presentations to treatment in England.


Time in treatment

Table 3.1.3.1 Average length of a client’s treatment journey, for new presentations to treatment in 2019 to 2020 in England.

Parental status Average number of days in treatment
Parent or adult living with children 116.07 days
Parent not living with children 119.03 days
Not a parent 116.04 days

Figure 3.1.3.2 Distribution of number of days in treatment by parental status.


Figure 3.1.3.3 Average number of days in treatment for new presentations to treatment, by parental status and substance group.


Early help / child social care support

Figure 3.1.3.4 Proportion of clients receiving early help and child social care support at the start of treatment, for new presentations to treatment in 2019 to 2020 in England.

In England, 74% (20,631) of parents/adults living with children and 81% (32,735) of parents not living with children had no children or family support. Data was missing or inconsistent for 3% (721) of parents/adults living with children and 4% (1,471) of parents not living with children.


Recovery support

Figure 3.1.3.5 Proportion of new presentations to treatment in England receiving recovery support during the treatment journey or starting within 3 months after the end of treatment.


3.2 Client outcomes

Successful completions show the proportion of the total number of clients in treatment, whose latest treatment journey ended between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019 and whose final reason for discharge was ‘treatment completed’.

Successful completion and non re-presentations show the proportion of all clients in treatment, who had a successful completion between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019 and did not re-present to structured treatment for substance misuse within 6 months of that successful completion.

Figure 3.2.1 Proportion of clients completing treatment successfully (successful completions and successful completion non-representations)

Figure 3.2.2 Successful completions by parental status and substance group.

Figure 3.2.3 Successful completion non-representations by parental status and substance group.



4 Local treatment data

This section presents profile and outcomes data for parents with problem alcohol and drug use in Coventry. The data comes from the NTDMS. Except for numbers in treatment, the numbers presented here are for new presentations to treatment only. This includes clients who started treatment between 1 April 2019 and 31 March 2020. All data presented here is available to download in the appendix. Data for all local authorities in England are available to download from NDTMS.net.

To prevent potential patient identification, all local figures for Coventry in this report have been rounded to 1 or the nearest 5. Proportions have been calculated from the rounded figures. This is true of all local data except for the overall numbers in treatment.

This section includes benchmark comparisons. Please see the appendix for a table of these benchmark areas including upper tier local authority codes.

4.1 Client profile

4.1.1 Socio-demographics

Numbers in treatment

Table 4.1.1.1 Number of clients in treatment and number of new presentations to treatment in 2019 to 2020 in Coventry.

All in treatment
New presentations
Parental status N % N % % of all in treatment
Parent or adult living with children 357 21% 206 22% 58%
Parent not living with children 624 37% 370 39% 59%
Not a parent 721 42% 370 39% 51%
All clients 1,702 100% 946 100% 56%

Figure 4.1.1.1 Breakdown of parental groups for new presentations to treatment in Coventry in 2019 to 2020.

Figure 4.1.1.2 Breakdown of parental groups for new presentations to treatment in benchmark areas in 2019 to 2020.

Age

Figure 4.1.1.3 Age breakdown for new presentations to treatment by parental group in Coventry.


Figure 4.1.1.4 Age breakdown for new presentations to treatment by parental group in benchmark areas.


Sex

Figure 4.1.1.5 Proportion of new presentations to treatment in Coventry and benchmark areas, by parental group and sex.


Ethnicity

Figure 4.1.1.6 Ethnicity of new presentations to treatment in Coventry, by parental group.

Figure 4.1.1.7 Ethnicity of new presentations to treatment in benchmark areas, by parental group.


Housing

Figure 4.1.1.8 Housing situation for new presentations to treatment in Coventry.

Figure 4.1.1.9 Housing situation for new presentations to treatment in benchmark areas.


Employment

Figure 4.1.1.10 Employment, education and training breakdown for new presentations to treatment in Coventry.

Figure 4.1.1.11 Employment, education and training breakdown for new presentations to treatment in benchmark areas.


Pregnant

Figure 4.1.1.12 Proportion of women who are new presentations to treatment, under the age of 50, that are pregnant in Coventry and benchmark areas.


Children

Table 4.1.1.2 Average number of children living with clients in Coventry and benchmark areas.

Average number of children living with client
Parental status Coventry Benchmark
Parent or adult living with children 2 1.83
Parent not living with children 0 0.00
Not a parent 0 0.00


4.1.2 Clinical

Substance use

Figure 4.1.2.1 Breakdown of substance groups for new presentations to treatment in Coventry.


Figure 4.1.2.2 Breakdown of substance groups for new presentations to treatment in benchmark areas.


Mental health

Figure 4.1.2.3 Proportions of new presentations to treatment with a mental health treatment need.


Figure 4.1.2.4 Proportion of clients with a mental health treatment need that did not receive mental health treatment.


Injecting

Figure 4.1.2.5 Proportions of new presentations to treatment who were current injectors at the start of treatment.


Figure 4.1.2.6 Proportions of new presentations to treatment who previously injected at the start of treatment.


Table 4.1.2.1 Proportions of new presentations to treatment that had never injected at the start of treatment.

Parental status Coventry Benchmark areas
Parent or adult living with children 85% 84%
Parent not living with children 73% 68%
Not a parent 76% 72%


Alcohol dependence

Figure 4.1.2.7 Alcohol use for new presentations to treatment in Coventry, measured using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ).


Figure 4.1.2.8 Alcohol use for new presentations to treatment in benchmark areas, measured using the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ).


4.1.3 Treatment and children’s services exposure

Referral sources

Figure 4.1.3.1 Sources of referrals into treatment for new presentations to treatment in Coventry.


Figure 4.1.3.2 Sources of referrals into treatment for new presentations to treatment in benchmark areas.


Time in treatment

Table 4.1.3.1 Average length of a client’s treatment journey in days, for new presentations to treatment in 2019 to 2020.

Average number of days in treatment
Parental status Coventry Benchmark
Parent or adult living with children 100 days 115 days
Parent not living with children 114 days 119 days
Not a parent 109 days 116 days


Figure 4.1.3.3 Average number of days in treatment for new presentations to treatment, by parental status and substance group, in Coventry.


Figure 4.1.3.4 Average number of days in treatment for new presentations to treatment, by parental status and substance group, in benchmark areas.


Early help / child social care support

Figure 4.1.3.5 Proportion of new presentations to treatment who are parents or adults living with children receiving early help and child social care support.


Figure 4.1.3.6 Proportion of new presentations to treatment who are parents not living with children receiving early help and child social care support.


Recovery support

Figure 4.1.3.7 Proportion of new presentations to treatment receiving family or parenting recovery support during the treatment journey or starting within 3 months after the end of treatment.


Figure 4.1.3.8 Proportion of new presentations to treatment receiving housing or employment recovery support during the treatment journey or starting within 3 months after the end of treatment.


Figure 4.1.3.9 Proportion of new presentations to treatment receiving domestic violence and abuse support recovery support during the treatment journey or starting within 3 months after the end of treatment.


4.2 Client outcomes

Successful completions

Successful completions show the proportion of the total number of clients in treatment, whose latest treatment journey ended between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019 and whose final reason for discharge was ‘treatment completed’.

Figure 4.2.1 Proportion of clients who completed treatment sucessfully.

Figure 4.2.2 Successful completions by parental status and substance group in Coventry.

Figure 4.2.3 Successful completions by parental status and substance group in benchmark areas.



Successful completion non-representations

Successful completion and non re-presentations show the proportion of all clients in treatment, who had a successful completion between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019 and did not re-present to structured treatment for substance misuse within 6 months of that successful completion.

Figure 4.2.4 Proportion of clients who completed treatment successfully and did not re-present within 6 months.

Figure 4.2.5 Successful completion non-representations by parental status and substance group in Coventry.

Figure 4.2.6 Successful completion non-representations by parental status and substance group in benchmark areas.



5 Other vulnerability indicators

In this section we first present treatment data from the NDTMS for young people (under the age of 18) who are parents or living with children.

This is followed by the latest data on parental alcohol and drug use and familial vulnerability beyond the NDTMS, including data from the Department of Education on children in need, the Children’s Commissioner for England, and the Income Deprivation Affecting Children index published by the Ministry of Communities and Local Government.

5.1 Young people in treatment

The data below represents young people nationally - under the age of 18 - that are parents or living with children, and who started drug or alcohol treatment in 2019 to 2020. Note that ‘other child contact’ might include young people living with siblings under the age of 18. This data comes from the NDTMS.

Table 5.1.1 Number of young people in treatment in England, including all clients in treatment and new presentations to treatment in 2019 to 2020.

All in treatment
New presentations
Family category N % N % % of all in treatment
Parent living with children 54 0% 38 0% 70%
Parent not living with children 117 1% 87 1% 74%
Other child contact - living with children 5,084 36% 3,547 35% 70%
Not a parent and not living with children 8,916 62% 6,235 62% 70%
Incomplete data 120 1% 92 1% 77%
Total 14,291 100% 9,999 100% 70%

Table 5.1.2 Average and youngest age and sex distribution of new presentations to treatment under the age of 18 in 2019 to 2020.

Female
Male
Family category Average age Youngest age N % N %
Parent living with children 15.76 years 13 years 20 53% 18 47%
Parent not living with children 16.05 years 10 years 26 30% 61 70%
Other child contact - living with children 15.08 years 10 years 1,155 33% 2,392 67%

Figure 5.1.1 Breakdown of substance groups for new presentations to treatment under the age of 18. To prevent potential patient identification, numbers under 5 have been rounded to 5, and proportions calculated from rounded numbers.

Successful completions show the proportion of the total number of clients in treatment, whose latest treatment journey ended between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019 and whose final reason for discharge was ‘treatment completed’.

Successful completion and non re-presentations show the proportion of all clients in treatment, who had a successful completion between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2019 and did not re-present to structured treatment for substance misuse within 6 months of that successful completion.

Figure 5.1.2 Proportion of clients under the age of 18 who completed treatment successfully (successful completions and successful completion non-representations).



5.2 Characteristics of children in need

The Department for Education releases annual statistics on children in need, which we have used below. The figures represent assessment information following a referral to children’s social care. An assessment may have more than one factor recorded. For more information, please see: Characteristics of children in need, Reporting Year 2020 – Explore education statistics

Parental alcohol or drug misuse

Nationally in 2019 to 2020, 16.3% (85,310) of children in needs assessments identified alcohol misuse by a parent or other adult living with the child as an issue. Drug misuse was a factor in 17.0% (89,100) of assessments.

In Coventry in 2019 to 2020, 23.0% (880) of children in needs assessments identified alcohol misuse by a parent or other adult living with the child as an issue. Drug misuse was a factor in 21.1% (806) of assessments.

Figure 5.2.1 Proportion of children in needs assessments identifying drug or alcohol misuse by a parent or other adult living with the child as an issue.



5.3 Prevalence of parental substance misuse, mental ill health and domestic abuse

The Childhood Local Data on Risks and Needs (CHLDRN) produced by the Children’s Commissioner for England provides data on the number of children at risk. We have used this data, which is from 2019 to 2020, in the chart below. Please note that the method used to calculate prevalence here differs from the methods used in the prevalence section at the beginning of this document.

Figure 5.3.1 This chart shows data on co-occurring parental alcohol and drug problems, mental ill health and domestic abuse.




5.4 Income deprivation affecting children index (IDACI)

The IDACI is a subset of the Income Deprivation Domain, published by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG), which specifically measures the proportion of children aged under 16 living in income deprived families; defined as those in receipt of Child Benefit.

Chart

The spread of deprivation affecting children across the country is shown in the figure below. Coventry local authority (in red) has 16% of its lower super output areas in the most deprived 10% areas nationally. More detailed information can be found in the data table.

Figure 5.4.1 Proportion of Lower Super Output Areas in most deprived 10% areas nationally, by upper tier local authority.



Map

Figure 5.4.2 This map shows proportion of Lower Super Output Areas in most deprived 10%, by upper tier local authority.



Data table

Table 5.4.1 IDACI information across local authorities in England.



6 Appendix

Local NDTMS data

Here we present data from the NDTMS used in this report, for Coventry as well as benchmark comparisons and national figures. All numbers refer to new presentations to treatment in 2019 to 2020. Data for all local authorities in England are available to download from NDTMS.net.

To prevent potential patient identification, all local figures for have been rounded to 1 or the nearest 5. Proportions have been calculated from the rounded figures. This is true of all local data except for the overall numbers in treatment.

Data in this table can be filtered as needed, and we recommend downloading data for easier processing.

Table 6.1 Data from the NDTMS used in this report, for Coventry, benchmark comparison and England.



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Benchmark areas

Table 6.2 These are the areas identified as the nearest neighbours for Coventry using the CIPFA 2018 Model.



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